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Ernst Kapp (1808-1896) was a German philosopher of technology and geographer, he was also a follower of Carl Ritter. He was prosecuted for sedition in the late 1840s for publishing a small article entitled 'Der konstituiert Despotismus und die konstitutionelle Freiheit' (1849) and was subsequently forced to leave Germany. He then emigrated to the German pioneer settlements of central Texas where he worked as a farmer, geographer and inventor. He was one of the early German Free Thinkers in Sisterdale, Texas.〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 In 1853, he was elected〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 the President of the Freethinker abolitionist organization Die Freie Verein (The Free Society), which called for a meeting of abolitionist German Texans 〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 in conjunction with 14 May 1854 Staats-Saengerfest (State Singing Festival) in San Antonio, Texas. The convention adopted a political, social and religious platform,〔 The Texas State Historical Association〕 including:
After the Civil War he left the USA for a visit to Germany, but fell ill during the voyage. Urged by his physician not to risk the return trip at his age, he re-entered the academic world. Reflecting on his frontier experience, Kapp wrote "Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik" (Principles of a philosophy of technology) (1877). This work, among many other things, formulates a philosophy of technology in which tools and weapons are identified as different forms of 'organ projections', although this idea may have been loosely covered as early as Aristotle. Furthermore, in chapters 12 & 13, it notably analyses language and the state as extensions of mental life, long before such ideas were popularised by Marshall McLuhan. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernst Kapp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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